Straight, Incorporated was a controversial non-profit Corporation in the United States that existed from 1976 to 1993 and held children ranging in age from 13 to 20. Straight Incorporated was only licensed as a babysitting program.
Straight would later change its name to Drug Free America Foundation, part of an effort to transfer all assets of Straight Inc to Drug Free America Foundation in the light of lawsuits. The Senior Vice President, Helen Peterman, a veterinarian, was appointed to the executive staff and dealt with the children daily. She reportedly did not hold a high school diploma.
Straight was allegedly abusive and purportedly included torture as well as many crimes listed below. This was the case from almost the beginning of Straight Inc. It was so abusive, according to some high ranking professionals in the field, that: "It was the closest thing to psychological murder [they had] seen" .. and "worse than a Japanese prisoner of war camp".. A member of the ACLU said: They run very close to really performing psychic murder.
Miller Newton (a former Straight parent) was promoted to clinical director at Straight, despite having no experience at all in the field. Miller Newton got a PhD from Union Graduate School (AKA Union Institute) in Cincinnati. At the time, Union was a non-accredited, alternative college. He did not have to attend classes or take tests. He did attend some seminars called colloquiums. Newton had to write a paper which was his Project to Demonstrate Excellence (or PDE); this resulted in his being granted a PhD in 1981. Straight Incorporated -- which included Betty and Melvin Sembler as well as Miller Newton --faced criminal investigations from such organizations as the United Nations for Crimes Against Humanity in 2004. The United Nations Complaint of Crimes Against Humanity, included torture, waterboarding, kidnapping, criminal negligence, withholding medical care, illegally removing children from school, fire code violations, illegal "host homes", and deprivation of food, water, and sleep.The only reason that the United Nations did not seek to press charges was not due to improper paperwork or lack of evidence; It was a result of the fact that America had not signed that particular UN resolution.
The Semblers and Straight also faced investigations and possible charges from: the Department of Justice, FBI, HRS and more as well as mounting lawsuits. These investigations began shortly after Straight opened.The assistant state attorney David Levin at the time would state ". . . it was child abuse and torture--directed by Miller Newton", Who did not even hold a PHd at the time stated on state documents.Miller Newton as well as Straight lost all civil lawsuits brought against them.
Betty Sembler had to know the abuse and torture was happening at the hands of Miller Newton and others. There is no way she could not know. It was in the media, newspapers, she and her husband had been asked about it and there were ongoing investigations. Despite the facts, she chose to keep Miller Newton and other abusers on staff despite the damage, physical abuse, emotional abuse and torture to the children. Furthermore, she chose to reward Miller Newton with promotions, as well as putting him on the board of Drug Free America Foundation. This again was despite the fact that he had been investigated and was added to America's Abusive Priest list. Miller Newton was now claiming to be a priest, although once again having no formal training. After Miller Newton had lost every lawsuit due to abuse, been under investigations multiple times and every program he ran was shut down. Betty Sembler in a 2005 court deposition stated this: Dr. Newton is "an outstanding individual . . . [and] a very close and dear friend and a valued one."The Semblers and Miller Newton had also lost all lawsuits at the time due to the abuse that took place.
The program was praised by prominent figures such as former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Nancy Reagan. The Bush family is very good friends with the Semblers. They have been known to visit and stay with the Semblers on Treasure Island in St. Petersburg, Florida when a Bush family member is in town. Jeb Bush was on the board of the Straight Foundation and knew (or, as Governor of Florida, should have known) about the abuse and torture of American children in his state. It was not until ISAC (International Survivors Action Committee a former watchdog group founded by Marti Heath) issued the "Bush Report" that Jeb Bush suddenly did not appear on any Straight foundation or DFAF documents. However, Jeb Bush now knowing what was taking place at Straight still awarded Betty Sembler her own day for "her work at Straight" and later a lifetime achievement award was given to Betty Sembler. This was despite the DA's office closing Straight, Inc. down in one location, and various other locations being closed down due to HRS investigations, lawsuits, and ongoing criminal investigations into insurance fraud. During most of Straight Incorporated history there were ongoing investigations by the FBI, DOJ, and a long list of civil suits facing Betty Sembler for her "work at Straight".
Betty does take full credit it for Straight Inc. She has stated in various newspapers and media interviews that she was the driving force behind Straight Inc. She graciously accepted the "Betty Sembler Day for her work at Straight Inc." The survivors of Straight (as they are now referred to as) never lost a lawsuitIn a study of those children that went through the program found that up to ninety five percent presently suffer from PTSD in their adult life. Many survivors if not most are also on disability that started shortly after leaving the program due to the injures obtained from the torture allowed to exist by the Board and Executive Staff.
In every state that Straight had a facility, abuse was documented either by state investigators or was alleged in civil suits.
Video Straight, Incorporated
History
Straight was established in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1976, following the closure the previous year of a program called Seed, Inc. The seed was closed due to a congressional investigation which compared it to a North Korean prisoner of war camp. A small group of parents from the Seed chose to open Straight Incorporated and bring the same staff, the same children. Straight Inc was the Seed in a different town under a different name and turned out much worse.This has been verified by the Survivors of the Seed and Straight Inc.
Straight was founded by Florida businessmen and former Seed Parent Mel Sembler and his wife Betty Schlesinger Sembler, along with Joseph Zappala, Joseph Zappala does not appear anywhere on the licensed paperwork. After only three months in operation, half of the Board of Directors walked out citing that they would either be sued or sent to jail if the abuse and torture continued..
When announcing its establishment, organizers ( a small group of former Seed parents) said it would enroll youth ages as young as 10 to 18 who had a history of drug abuses or offenses, to spite the fact that almost none of the children had done drugs or if they had almost none were ever diagnosed as a drug addict. Straight could not diagnose anyone as a drug addict as they held no one on staff qualified to do so nor did they hold a license for that type of facility. They stated they would hold children with a history of drug abuse which is an addict by definition (see dictionary). Furthermore, on their brochures they stated they were a drug facility. The former founder and director of ISAC has a sworn statement to this effect as well as others.In four years only three children were sent by the court system to Straight Inc. The other children. who are now referred to as "Straight Survivors" many have sworn statements that they had committed no crime, had never been arrested, or been found guilty of anything by any court (google survivor testimony for a full list) or even stepped inside a court room. They had instead been brought to Straight by their parents under false pretenses and the parents were told their children would die or be in jail if they did not leave them with Straight.
Straight admitted they would not treat "addicts or those with a physical dependence on narcotics." James Hartz, a clinical psychologist, who was not a psychologist at the time that he was on executive staff at Straight according to Survivors. In a news interview Patrick Tyler writes;"that the citizens group (referring to former Seed Parents) hired James E. Hartz to lead the [Straight, Inc] effort. 'Hartz traded his top post at a Georgia training center for the mentally retarded for a crack at some of the Pinellas County's drug-prone children.' He goes on to say, For Hartz, 26, the complexities of drug rehabilitation will be a new experience. Straight's backers said they chose the youthful redhead because of the administrative experience he gained . . . as director of the Richmond County (GA) Training Center for the Retarded.' It is confirmed that Straight Inc. was to be a drug rehabilitation center for children that did not have a drug problem, nor had been diagnosed as such. As Melvin Sembler eluded to. They also stated Helen Peterman was going to run the program but that Hartz was hired for his degree he was working on. Helen Peterman did not even hold a high school diploma and had been fired from the Seed. Jim Hartz in the same interview stated;" Faced with an evasive drug-abusing teenager in therapy, Hartz said his staff will use a positive approach to extract inner feelings" Again, Jim Hartz refers to children who are drug addicts. He goes on to say that he hopes at some point to hire individuals with a bachelor's degree. That never happened. In sworn statements Survivors state that he was working on his Masters at the time but did not hold the degree. 'For Hartz, 26, the complexities of drug rehabilitation will be a new experience. He further stated that it would be "hard getting kids off something they like refereeing to drug addicts". He was announced as its first director when it opened on Sept. 1, 1976
In 1981, Dr. Robert DuPont, the founding director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse visited Straight to encourage the organization to expand by creating new facilities nationwide and by training counselors in Straight's methodology. DuPont noted that many American communities lacked centers that served young people. By 1982, the program had expanded to enroll youth up to age 20.
First Lady Nancy Reagan visited a Straight facility in Florida in 1982. Prior to the visit, she said she did not specifically endorse the program, but an aide told news media that Reagan was impressed with Straight because it was one of the few drug programs that enrolled adolescents, it did not receive government funding, and it was "drug-free." In 1985, Reagan and Princess Diana visited Straight's facility in Springfield, Virginia. The two women attended a group "rap session", where Straight clients described their drug use and its sometimes violent consequences.
State licensing
Over the course of its existence, Straight was in conflict with state licensing officials in Virginia, Maryland and Florida on a number of occasions. As early as January 1978, Florida state officials reported concerns with the program that led it to consider withdrawing its operating license.
Virginia's Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services cited Straight's Springfield, Virginia center for violating state regulations repeatedly from the time the facility opened in 1982 to its closing in 1991. Virginia officials argued that state laws required that adolescents in Straight's programs be in school, while Straight believed that its clients should not be attending school until they had made progress in their treatment for substance abuse. In addition, Virginia regulators found that Straight's staff had held young clients against their will, allowed clients to restrain other clients and deprived clients of sleep, food and water as a punishment. Straight responded by denying certain allegations and changing some of its practices. In 1991, Straight decided to move its program from Springfield, Virginia to Columbia, Maryland as a result of what it considered harassment by regulators.
Following the closure of Straight's Virginia facility, Maryland officials granted Straight a probationary license to operate a treatment center in Columbia, but only after Straight agreed to modify its practices, by providing educational programs to school-age students either on site or at Howard County, Maryland public schools and by letting parents determine where their children would spend the night while in the early stages of the program. Previously, Straight staff members assigned students to stay with families of Straight clients who were further along in the program. Maryland officials found "no truth" to "allegations of child abuse, the use of physical restraints, [or] brainwashing" leveled against Straight. Maryland regulators continued to express concerns with Straight's practices until February 1992 when Straight closed the facility amidst declining enrollment and financial problems.
In 1984, Florida officials found that 13 Straight clients were held in the program against their will and that another 15 had been coerced into enrolling. Straight took the matter to the Florida courts, which ruled that parents could force their minor children into drug rehab.
In 1993, Florida state investigators audited the state's licensing of Straight's St. Petersburg treatment center and found that officials at the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services had expressed concerns about Straight's practices, but that the agency granted Straight a license to operate despite those concerns. Regulators were concerned that Straight staff members denied medication to clients and used excessive force to restrain clients. According to the state audit, Straight co-founder Melvin Sembler, a prominent fundraiser for Republican politicians, and several Florida State Senators contacted the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services in support of Straight. The audit concluded that "it cannot be unequivocally corroborated that this outside influence actually altered the decision to issue the license [to Straight]" but that "it appears that some members of HRS experienced some degree of pressure to grant Straight a license."
Straight opened a program in Yorba Linda, California in 1989, but, a year later, the state's Department of Social Services shut down the program after denying it a license to operate as a foster-family agency. State officials cited a record of "unusual punishments" at Straight, such as denying teenagers sleep and bathroom breaks. The state also complained about intimidation and ridicule of clients. About 40 Straight clients and parents protested the decision by picketing a local State licensing office, carrying placards with messages such as "Straight Saves Kids' Lives".
Lawsuits
In May 1983, Straight, Inc was convicted of false imprisonment after being sued by then 20-year-old Fred Collins Jr who alleged he had been held captive by the program against his will. The program was ordered to pay $40,000.00 in compensatory and $180,000.00 in punitive damages.
In 1990, a jury awarded Karen Norton, a Florida resident, $721,000 in damages due to mistreatment by Straight. In 1982, while a patient in Straight's Florida facility, Norton alleged that staff members assaulted her, denied her health care and refused to give her permission to visit her dying grandfather. At the time, the St. Petersburg Times described the verdict as the largest award ever against Straight.
Maps Straight, Incorporated
Treatment methods
Straight's philosophy emphasized the role of peer pressure in a young person's decision to use drugs and as a means for encouraging drug users to become "straight". The organization believed that effective treatment required isolating drug users from all of the factors that might explicitly or implicitly encourage drug use, including relationships with family and friends as well as elements of popular culture such as music and clothing. During this period of isolation, Straight clients would receive constant reinforcement from peers about the negative effects of drug use and the necessity of becoming clean. As young people progressed through the Straight program, they would be allowed to gradually assume new responsibilities, for instance by serving as counselors for other young people, and to return to school.
In 1986, the St. Petersburg Times followed a 15-year-old boy through his treatment at Straight's Tampa Bay facility. The Times described Straight's treatment program as follows:
The methods, at least initially: No living at home. No talking to parents. No contact with anyone outside the program. No drugs. No cigarettes. No TV. No music. No reading. No school. And a daily onslaught of counseling sessions that often reduces a person to tears.
Eventually, the person is allowed to read, move back home, and return to school. But such things can take a year or more, all depending upon how well each person behaves as they progress through the program.
At the core of the Straight experience were "rap sessions", or discussions led by a Straight staff member on topics such as the rules of the program, clients' experiences with drug use, their current feelings about their drug use and their personal and family problems. In order to be called on to speak at a rap session, a teenager would be required to practice "Motivating", a Straight tradition which the Times described as "waving your hand in the air... so hard that your arm aches and you begin to perspire." The entire group would say "love you" when a person finished speaking and would regularly sing songs together. A typical day at a Straight facility consisted of a series of rap sessions from 9am to 7pm, interrupted by several breaks for meals and exercise. On Fridays, patients might finish their last rap session at midnight.
Straight used a twelve-step program modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous. However, the Straight program was also divided into five stages: a client began the program in the first stage, known as "humbling", and would gradually advance to subsequent stages as staff members determined that his or her treatment was progressing. In the first phase of the program, patients were not allowed to talk to their parents and were led everywhere by their belt loops, a means of demonstrating to patients that they had lost control of their lives. Patients stayed overnight at the homes of other young people who were further along in the program. This first phase lasted a minimum of 14 days and often for months. Straight clients could progress to the second phase, where they would be allowed to spend the night at home, only once they had convinced staff members that they understood their dependence on drugs and wanted to change their behavior. St. Petersburg Times reporter David Finkel described the emotional intensity of the humbling phase as follows: "Only when [a patient] is feeling worthless and miserable is he considered to be making progress."
Families would become more involved in the second phase. Straight staff would schedule one or more meetings for a client and his or her immediate family, and rap sessions would be held for groups of parents to attend by themselves or with their children. Siblings of Straight clients over the age of 8 were required to attend their own separate meetings. As of 1987, Straight parents were required to comply with a list of rules that ran to six pages in length. Among these rules: both parents were required to be at home every night when their child was in the first or second phase of the program. In the third phase overnight business travel was permitted, and in the fifth phase, vacation was permitted, but in both cases parents were required to submit their plans to Straight for approval. Parents could be asked to host other children in the program overnight.
In the third phase of the Straight program, clients were allowed to return to school or to start a part-time job. However, clients were still expected to spend their evenings and weekends at the Straight facility, where they would take on new responsibilities, such as assisting with cleaning and greeting visitors. In the fourth and fifth phase of the treatment, clients were only required to come to Straight three or four days a week instead of seven. Fifth phase clients would help lead group sessions. While the first, second and third phases could be completed in a minimum of two or three weeks, clients were expected to spend at least three months in phase four and two months in phase five. At an absolute minimum, a young person could complete the entire Straight program in six months, but in typical cases, 10-14 months were required and sometimes longer periods of time, up to 28 months, were necessary.
Straight graduates participated in follow-up classes once or twice a week, sometimes accompanied by their parents, for the six months following their completion of the program. Graduates were also eligible to return to Straight as paid, part-time staff members.
The St. Petersburg Times noted that Straight's treatment practices were designed as a "gentler" successor to an earlier program called The Seed, which was closed after an independent report noted that its methods were reminiscent of "highly refined brainwashing techniques employed by the North Koreans during the 1950s."
Straight stated that their methods, while radical, enabled 60% of patients to become drug-free.
Defining drug abuse
Straight officials took the position that drug use in all forms is harmful and requires treatment. In a 1983 speech in Bryan, Ohio, Straight administrator Dave Crock stated that the term "drug abuse" itself is problematic because it implies that occasional drug use might be acceptable while only more frequent use of drugs constitutes "abuse". In 1981, Straight's Executive Director, James Hartz, said that while his organization did not have a formal policy defining drug abuse, he personally felt that: "...A 14-year-old who did alcohol and pot and never got arrested, never skipped school - that person in our opinion needs to work through his or her relationship to that drug just as much as the person who is 16 and who was out [breaking and entering], ripping off and so on and so forth."
Program costs
Straight's St. Petersburg branch charged a monthly fee of $385 in 1987, or about $778 in 2012 dollars. In addition, families paid $1089 ($2200 in 2012 dollars) at the outset of the program and then a $1600 evaluation fee ($3233 in 2012 dollars). Many insurance companies did not cover Straight's services. Parents were regularly asked to make small contributions to the organization. In 1990, Straight's program in Yorba Linda, California charged about $1,400 a month, or about $2,460 in 2012 dollars.
Treatment effectiveness
A 1989 study in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment conducted interviews with 222 patients of Straight's Virginia facility at least six months after their treatment ended. (Two thirds of these patients had graduated from the program, while one-third had left before graduation.) Before starting treatment at Straight, 97% of these individuals had used marijuana, 56% had used cocaine and 25% had used opiates such as heroin. After leaving the program, 26% reported using marijuana, 14% reported using cocaine and 4% reported using opiates. 35% of former clients reported feeling very satisfied with their experience at Straight, 35% reported feeling somewhat satisfied, 18% reported feeling somewhat dissatisfied and 12% reported feeling very dissatisfied. 53% of patients reported that Straight helped them "a lot", 21% reported that the program helped them "a fair amount", 18% reported that it helped them "a little" and 8% reported that it did not help them at all. The scholarly blog of the Alcohol & Drugs History Society, POINTS, published a five-part series disputing the accuracy of Straight's follow-up study.
After following a young man through Straight for over a year, journalist David Finkel reported feeling ambivalent about the program. Finkel observed "phenomenal changes" in the subject of his articles, and noted that the young man had stopped using drugs and that his attitude and his relationship with his parents had improved dramatically. But Finkel also felt that Straight was "imperfect in many ways", and criticized the high staff turnover at all levels of the organization, the lack of diversity among Straight clients and the organization's policy of holding minors against their will, if a parent consented. Finkel described this last policy as "unnecessary" and "potentially abusive". Finkel concluded that he would not consider Straight for his child if she was using drugs experimentally, but that he might try the program if his child had a more severe drug problem and other treatment options, such as counseling, had not succeeded.
See also
- Drug Free America Foundation
References
Source of article : Wikipedia
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